Vietnam |
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Vietnam, the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia, borders China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east. It is world’s 13th most populous country. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam. Vietnam is a member of the World Trade Organization since 2007. HISTORY:- The nomadic Mongols and Indonesians settled in the land. According to the mythological believes, King Hung Vuong established the nation in 2879 BC. China ruled the nation from 111 BC to the 15th century as a vassal state. Portugal was the first European power to settle in Vietnam. The three regions of Vietnam namely- Cochin-China in the south, Annam in the central region, and Tonkin in the north were annexed by the French by the 19th century. The three regions were unified in 1887 by the French. Vichy French remained in administration of Vietnam although Japanese captured the military bases of Vietnam during the World War II. Ho Chi Minh declared a short-lived republic which was seized by the French in 1946. Paris’s proposal to make a unified government within the French Union under the former Annamite emperor, Bao Dai, was accepted by Cochin-China and Annam in 1949. Ho and the Vietminh revolted against it. Following the First Indochina War Vietnam was divided. Ngo Dinh Diem disposed the monarchy and assumed the power in 1955. Guerrilla movements were started in 1950s, to bring South Vietnam under communist rule, while South Vietnam was backed by the US. After the Vietnam War, South Vietnam was unified with North Vietnam under the communist rule as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam in 1976. Following the unification, the communists abolished all political parties. GEOGRAPHY:- Vietnam is located at 16 00 N, 106 00 E in Southeastern Asia. The nation occupies total 329,560 sq km area in which land portion has covered 325,360 sq km area and internal waters have covered 4,200 sq km area. The total coastline of the mainland is 3,444 km long along with the Gulf of Thailand, Gulf of Tonkin, and South China Sea. The lowest point is South China Sea (0 m) and the highest point is Fan Si Pan (3,144 m). Vietnam is composed of low, flat delta in the south and north; highlands in the central; and hills, and mountains in the far north and northwest. CLIMATE:- The climate of Vietnam ranges from tropical in the south to monsoonal in the north with a hot, rainy season (May to September) and a warm, dry season (October to March). GOVERNMENT:- Vietnam is a Socialist republic. The constitution was adopted on 15th April 1992. The legal system is based on the communist legal theory and the French civil law system. The three principal branches of the government are: Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state), the Vice President, the Prime Minister (head of government), the Permanent Deputy Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Ministers, and the cabinet. The president is elected by the National Assembly from among its members on a 5-year term. The prime minister is appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly while the deputy prime ministers are appointed by the prime minister. The appointments of the prime minister, the deputy prime ministers and the cabinet ministers are confirmed by the National Assembly. Legislative branch comprises the unicameral National Assembly (500 seats). Judicial branch comprises the Supreme People's Court. Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) is the only political party in Vietnam. Suffrage is universal at 18. President Nguyễn Minh Triết ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Vietnam is divided into 59 provinces and 5 municipalities. CULTURE:- Chinese culture is predominant in the culture of Vietnam. ECONOMY:- Vietnam is still trying to recover the damages caused by the Vietnam War. In recent times, it has one of the highest growth rates in the world. GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $221.4 billion; per capita $2,600. Real growth rate: 8.5%. Inflation: 8.3%. Unemployment: 5.3%. Arable land: 20%. Agriculture: Paddy rice, coffee, rubber, cotton, tea, pepper, soybeans, cashews, sugar cane, peanuts, bananas; poultry; fish, seafood. Labor force: 46.42 million; agriculture 55.6%, industry 18.9%, services 25.5% (July 2005). Budget: Public debt: 42.8% of GDP (2007 est.) Debt - external: $21.69 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Industries: Food processing, garments, shoes, machine-building; mining, coal, steel; cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires, oil, paper. Natural resources: Phosphates, coal, manganese, bauxite, chromate, offshore oil and gas deposits, forests, hydropower. Exports: $39.92 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): crude oil, marine products, rice, coffee, rubber, tea, garments, shoes. Imports: $39.16 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.): machinery and equipment, petroleum products, fertilizer, steel products, raw cotton, grain, cement, motorcycles. Major trading partners: U.S., Japan, China, Australia, Germany, Singapore, UK, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Hong Kong (2004). Monetary unit: Dong LANGUAGE:- Vietnamese is the official language while English is also spoken. Other languages include French, Chinese, and Khmer. CITIES:- The capital of Vietnam is Hanoi whilst the largest city is Ho Chi Minh City. Other large cities are Haiphong, Da Nang, Hué Nha Trang, Qui Nho'n. POPULATION:- The population is estimated 85,262,356 with a growth rate of 1.0%. RACE:- RELIGION:- HEALTH:- UNICEF:- UNICEF focuses on the children's and women's rights in Vietnam. It also fights against malnutrition, morbidity and mortality. UNICEF promoted the awareness against HIV and its preventions. UNICEF also keeps close eyes to the issues like provision for pure water supply and proper sanitation. In education sector, UNICEF focuses on child care, primary schooling, basic education, numeracy, and life skills. TRANSPORTATION:-
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