Tanzania |
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The United Republic of Tanzania, an East African nation, borders Kenya and Uganda to the north, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south and the Indian Ocean to the east. Dodoma is the capital of Tanzania. Tanzania is member of Commonwealth of Nations. HISTORY:- Around 700, the Arab traders started colonizing the region. The Portuguese were the first Europeans to gain the possession of Tanganyika in 1500. The sultan of Oman conquered the region in the 17th century. Along with Burundi and Rwanda, Tanganyika became the colonial territory of German East Africa in 1885. Following the World War I, the region came under League of Nations mandate and was administrated by the British Empire. Later the territory became a United Nations trust territory. Tanganyika gained independence in 1961. Tanganyika and Zanzibar were merged to form the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar. The name of the republic was changed from the United Republic of Tanganyika and Zanzibar to Tanzania after six months. Uganda invaded Tanzania in 1978 which resulted into a counterattack by the Tanzanians. President Julius Nyerere was overthrown by his vice president Ali Hassan Mwinyi in 1985. In 1995, Tanzania emerged as the multi-party state and first multiparty elections of the nation were held in the same year. GEOGRAPHY:- Tanzania is located at 6 00 S, 35 00 E in Eastern Africa. The country occupies total 945,087 sq km area in which 886,037 sq km and 59,050 sq km areas are captured by land and internal water parts respectively. The territory of Tanzania includes the islands of Mafia, Pemba, and Zanzibar. The coastline is 1,424 km long along with the Indian Ocean. The lowest point is Indian Ocean (0 m) and the highest point is Kilimanjaro (5,895 m). Tanzania is formed of plains along the coasts, plateau in central, and highlands in the north and south. CLIMATE:- The climate of Tanzania varies from tropical along coasts to temperate in highlands. GOVERNMENT:- Tanzania is a republic. The constitution was adopted on 25th April 1977 and was amended in 1984. The legal system is based on the English common law. The three major branches of the government are: Executive branch comprises the President (chief of state and head of government), the Vice President, the Prime minister, and the cabinet. The president and vice president are elected on the same ballot by popular vote on 5-year terms. The prime minister is appointed by the president. The cabinet ministers are appointed by the president from among the members of the National Assembly. Zanzibar elects a president who is head of government for the internal affairs of Zanzibar. Legislative branch comprises the unicameral National Assembly or Bunge (274 seats). Judicial branch comprises the Court of Appeals, High Courts, Resident Magistrate Courts, district courts, and primary courts in mainland Tanzania while Zanzibar has the High Court, people's district courts, and kadhis court (Islamic courts).
President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete ADMINISTRATIVE DIVISIONS:- Tanzania is divided into 26 regions. CULTURE:- African root is predominant in the music of Tanzania. The music of the country ranges from rumba to string-based taarab to a hip hop genre known as bongo flava. Godfrey Mwakikagile, Mohamed Said, Prof. Joseph Mbele, Juma Volter Mwapachu, Prof. Issa Shivji, Jenerali Twaha Ulimwengu are some of the notable writers of Tanzania. ECONOMY:- Being one of the most impoverished nations in the world, Tanzanian economy is based on agriculture, which provides 40% of GDP, 85% of exports, and 80% employment. Tanzania received financial assistance form the World Bank and the IMF. GDP/PPP (2007 est.): $48.94 billion; per capita $1,300. Real growth rate: 7.3%. Inflation: 7%. Unemployment: NA. Arable land: 5%. Agriculture: Coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats. Labor force: 20.04 million; agriculture 80%, industry and services 20% (2002 est.). Industries: Agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer. Budget:
Debt - external: $4.379 billion (31 December 2007 est.) Natural resources: Hydropower, tin, phosphates, iron ore, coal, diamonds, gemstones, gold, natural gas, nickel. Exports: $1.581 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.): gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton. Imports: $2.391 billion f.o.b. (2005 est.): consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil. Major trading partners: India, Spain, Netherlands, Japan, UK, China, Kenya, South Africa, UAE, U.S. (2004). Monetary unit: Tanzanian shilling LANGUAGE:- English and Kiswahili or Swahili are the official languages of Tanzania while Arabic is widely spoken in Zanzibar. Many local languages are also spoken. CITIES:- The capital of Tanzania is Dodoma while the largest city is Dar es Salaam. POPULATION:- The estimated population of Tanzania is 38,139,640 with a growth rate of 1.8%. RACE:- RELIGION:- HEALTH:- UNICEF:- UNICEF in Tanzania rigorously combats HIV. UNICEF provided health care to 70,000 pregnant and breastfeeding mothers and 100,000 under-5 children in refugee camps. With the help of the Ministry of Health’s immunization programme, immunization reached 90%. UNICEF distributed vitamin A supplementation, insecticide-treated bednets, and de-worming treatments. Tanzania is free from maternal neonatal tetanus. 85% households can access iodized salt. UNICEF partners with the government to protect orphans and other vulnerable children. TRANSPORTATION:- Posted by subhasis on Tuesday Aug 19 reply Comments |
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